Leaders In Family Businesses Business Essay

Leaders In Family Businesses Business Essay It is very difficult to identify the comparison between family and non-family business; it lies within the fact that there is not even a single accepted definition of family business to form the basis of research (Westhead and Cowling, 1998). This essay explores in isolation, the skills required in leaders in family and non-family businesses. Then, the skills required in these two categories of leaders are compared and contrasted. Various theories and concepts on family business are used to facilitate the process. Family business is a business in which familys involvement is a must, making the business different from others. Many researchers interpret the involvement of family as ownership management. (Chua et al.,1999) In a family business, managing the profits and losses are not the only thing that matters. Its all about understanding the family tradition, values and beliefs also to do succession planning. It is also important to make sure that there should not be any conflict between family members regarding the ownership and management. Indalecio(2012) said that there are some conflicts which typically happen due to the inability to separate personal and professional lives and also because of interest which varied from one member to other. Family businesses are mostly made up of strong relationship of trust, loyalty and communication and they have a shared vision. In a non family business, they mainly focus on the smooth functioning of the organization to make profits and also to expand the business. They dont need to worry about family values or tradition. As compared to family business employees are much more motivated in non family business. In Family business, they hire promote employees after considering relatives or any other family member which makes the non family employees lose motivation towards the work. This will lead to a limited growth and opportunities for the firm. (Indalecio,2012) Well discuss in detail that how the leaders require different skills to work in these two totally different types of businesses. As we know that Leader play the main role in running the business either it is emotion based or simply profit based. Well discuss about different theories of leadership in family business to differentiate the leadership style from non-family business. LEADERS IN FAMILY BUSINESS Leadership is not magnetic personality that can just as well be a glib tongue. It is not making friends and influencing people, that is flattery. Leadership is lifting a persons vision to higher sights, the raising of a persons performance to a higher standard, the building of a personality beyond its normal limitations (Peter F Drucker) The environment in a family business is very different from non family business for leaders and employees in the organization. Heuristic Model, defines leadership as the person, process, position, result where leader is an individual, a centered person who they are. The style adopted by them or sense-making or the way they get things done. They keep into consideration what those in authorities do and where they do it. As a result they achieve the purpose through mobilization like a leader achieve. (Grint,2010) Tagiuri and Davis (1996) stated the existence of shared vision, values and beliefs, as well as a long term orientation with loyalty and trust which is based on relationships as one of the important or strong advantage of family business as compared to a non family business. Which allows a family business to have a unique or clear identity and also a strong sense of success in their mission, they wish to undertake and concentrate on the efforts for what they can do best, which helps them to gain a competitive advantage (Ibrahim Ellis, 1994). Dyer (1986) and Sorensen, (2000) describes five description of the leadership that is exercised in family firms: participative, autocratic, laissez-faire, expert and referent. This author said that the head involves member in decision making and they guide through adapting, also have the capacity to motivate personal regards in others. Which allow these type of firms to achieve the goal expected by both the family and the business at the same time, and that leads to higher level of satisfaction commitment among the non-family employees. (Vallejo, 2009) (Figure 1) [Source: Vallejo, M.C. (2010), Pg. 6] A leader in a family firm should take care of some points which are very important for the success of the organization in a market place: family disputes, favoritism, running business emotionally, and limited growth, also a succession plan. Family disputes takes place mostly due to the varied interest of each family member towards business, their personal egos, and rivalries among them which spill into the business environment. Managing family and the business at same time is very delicate matter and it is also important that if a leader in a family firm wants someone from the family to join the business then he needs to create a company culture based on favoritism. In most of the cases everyone wants to help family but its totally wrong to hire, promote or pay someone just because of familial relationship, rather than hiring someone based on their actual merits and abilities. It is very difficult in a family firm to keep personal professional life in a separate way, and also not an easy task to separate your emotions from your business. Especially, giving a critical feedback or receiving it from someone you love is also a big problem. Mostly in family firms all leadership positions are always occupied by some family members which limits the growth of the company opportunities for non-family employees. Many talented and ambitious employees will lose their motivation and they will move on to another job. There should always be succession plan for family firms otherwise it will lead to failure. (Indalecio, 2012) LEADERS IN NON FAMILY BUSINESS A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. (Ward, 2012) A leader in non-family business requires many types of skill for the better functioning of an organization. When it comes to the leadership quality in a leader for a non-family firm, we consider a leader who is ambitious, creative, self-reliable, inspiring, and innovative, also in addition to commitment determination, opportunity obsession, adaptability, self-motivated. (Timmons and spinelli, 2003) In a non-family business, mostly these are transformational leaders who motivate their followers to achieve a long term objectives rather than selfish short term goal. They have the ability to convince their followers to work hard for the achievement of the goal which leaders have in mind. This helps to motivate the followers that turns out to be self compensatory. (Bass, 1985, 1999) Leaders in a non-family firm dont worry about feuding, nepotism, emotions, values and beliefs of family, succession plans. They dont have a shared vision for the organization; everything is cleared about the goal they want to achieve for the expansion or growth of their organization. They have high growth opportunities for their employees because they never hire, promote, and criticize individuals on the basis of familial relationship. They only concentrate on the profits, motivation of employees, monitoring the performance, to gain competitive advantage for the benefit of the firm or to be successful in the market. (Indalecio, 2012) The Leader should be able to introduce a sense of value, respect, and to express a clear vision for the employees so that they can work accordingly. He should also pay attention to the need of the followers assign them particular projects for their personal growth, also teach followers to find a sensible path to examine a situation and also encourage them to be creative. (Bass, 1985) CONCLUSION In a firm, whether it is a family or non-family firm leaders are require running them. Mainly, for a non-family firm leader it is easy to run the organization as compare to a family firm leader. Because he has no tensions about the family values, beliefs, succession planning, family member interests or any other way to run a business in a manner so that it should survive for their upcoming generations. But for a family firm leader these all points matters a lot for their success in the market. The trust, loyalty, and relationship they make with their customers to gain sustainability. Family affect the business in each aspect if the firm doesnt have a Leader with all the leadership quality require operating a family business. In a family firm, leaders require a skill which helps the business to overcome the threats they get in running a family business. He should define the goal of the organization very clearly make sure that there is no partiality in hiring, promoting the employees, and it should be based on the individuals merits abilities. Outline the responsibilities role of each family member and hold them accountable. There should not be any communication gap and also run the business in a non emotional manner. For the advancement of your business everyone working for the organization should be on the same line either for promotion or criticism, also to have a succession plan for the survival of the business after he is gone. (Indalecio, 2012) There are different theories that explain these differences of skills required for a leader in a family a non-family firm. But the main thing is to understand the way a leader should work to keep the employees motivated and also provide them proper opportunities for their personal growth because a successful business is a mixture of different people with different skills. If a leader will follow these in a firms culture then this in turn will lead the organization to achieve their goal in a given time either it is a family business or a non-family business. Referencing: Bass, B. (1985). Leadership performance beyond expectations. New York: Academic Press. Bass, B. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. 8, pp. 9-32. Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., and Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), pp. 19-39. Dyer, W.G. (1986). Cultural Change in Family Firms: Anticipating and managing Business and Family Transitions. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass. Grint, K. (2010). Leadership, a very short introduction. Oxford University Press, London. Indalecio, T. (2012). 5 Common threats to a family business. About.Com : http://familybusiness.about.com/od/managementandoperations/a/commonthreats.htm [Accessed: 18 January 2012] Ibrahim, A. Ellis, W. (1994). Family business management: concepts and practice. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt. Sorensen, R.L. (2000).The Contribution of Leadership Style and Practices to Family and Business Success. Family Business Review. Vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 183-200. Tagiuri, R. and Davis, J.A. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, Vol .9, pp. 199-208. Timmons, J. Spinelli, S. (2003). New venture creation: entrepreneurship for the 21st century (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Vallejo Martos, M. (2005). Cuando definir es una necesidad. Una propuesta integradora y operativa del concepto de empresa familiar. Investigaciones Europeas de Direccià ³n y Economà ­a de la Empresa. [The Need to Define: Towards an Integrative and Operational Definition of the Family Firm], 11, pp.151-171. Vallejo, M.C. (2009). Analytical Model of Leadership in Family Firms Under Transformational Theoretical Approach: An exploratory study. Family Business Review. pp. 6. Ward, S. (2012). Leadership. About.com: http://sbinfocanada.about.com/od/leadership/g/leadership.htm [Accessed: 18 January 2012] Westhead, P., Howorth, C. and Cowling, M. (2002). Ownership and management issues in first generation and multi generation family firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3), pp. 247-269.

Child Victims of Domestic Violence

Family today are unfortunately less as a fundamental unit of a healthy society. † Almost all countries in the world are faced with the inability to determine the number of victims of kriminalitetot, and especially when such women. According to UN studies, women are the most frequent victims of sexual violence (50%) attacks of personality (10%) and other attacks on property (10%). For nasilonichkiot kriminalitet family largely lacks impartial witnesses of cases. Efforts made this situation be resolved by reference to the assistance of the closest relatives and friends, and the reference to state institutions is much less common and more severe cases. Victims of such violence are the weakest members of the family. And while pedesttite and shesettite years that children were in the seventies women, but in the eighties were elderly. Nasilnichkite wrongdoing within the family are found very difficult and rare. Conflicts rarely come to light because of fear of revenge nasilnikot, shame on the environment and the desire to maintain good idea for your own marriage, but economic dependence on her husband. Domestic violence is one of preovladuvachkite criminal behavior in more societies and brings razoruvachki implications for the primary victim, a woman, and in terms of the second victim children. In most countries worldwide domestic violence loan sizes to a problem of social character primareno. Domestic violence as a problem affecting the economic and overall development of society and is the result of historical zasnovanata disadvantaged men and women in which it is located in the subordinate position to men. International law to protect children's rights Committee on Protection of Children is an independent body composed of experts who carry out monitoring of potisnichki Parties to the Convention on the proper application of the same, and its two Protocols – the articipation of children in armed conflicts and trafficking of children, child prostitution and pornography . Committee their reports to be summarized by the States Parties that have ratified the Convention and its Protocols. Taken by the UN Convention is a powerful tool for the state to protect the rights of children who have already declared as such. With the signature of this Convention, countries bound themselves to make available all the means at their disposal in the interests of children. Basically â€Å"o† of the Convention is that all children have equal rights to exercise their needs, regardless of where in the world. International Association for the Prevention of abuse of children and their neglect (ISPCAN), announced its release of â€Å"World view on child abuse. This publication gives a full picture of statistics policy abuse separately in approximately 70 countries worldwide. According to statistics published study that 82% of respondents said that their countries have proÃ'Ëœaveno significantly large number of cases in which child abuse occurs. Most of the measures taken by countries to protect children from violence, provide for punitive action against those who abuse children and action to remove the child from the middle and family, which has been exposed to such activities unwashed. Despite the low level of qualifications of persons providing services for the protection of such victims, it is likely that countries will be forced to seek new ways and strategies to protect children from this type of crime, it is necessary to avoid consequences that remain with the child who was subjected to a similar event for a longer period. Consequences for the child's personality Why do I say that violence has major implications for the further development of the overall personality of a child, studies show that most of the women's children had witnessed violence, making their mothers during the period when they are helpless children and could not understand kriminalitetot in action when their Michael is physically abused by their father or father, although the event of a child growing up in his subconscious with him over the years, its objective nedozvoluvaÃ'ËœÃ'Å"i to think and analyze the environment in which e lives. What is interesting in the course of events is that victims of such violence reported cases many years after having become or ceased to continue bullying on their body and psyche, but very rarely happens to explain why they waited much time to record such crimes. As one of the reasons is considered bespomoshnosta of children in these moments, and lack of support from another family member. Often, over the development of children to identify with their parents and be able to adopt a model of behavior in their future family, which means the application of aggressive response to conflict situations. Such a view would mean that if the father was abusive, who abused her child, it is likely that child will become violent if faced with the same conditions in which he lived until he was small. When children in the middle of a people who carried out torture, it inevitably affects the child, even indirectly. Comprehensive review of psiholoshkoto impact of violence against children and full guidelines for conducting assessment of children who have been subjected to violence can not be extended, but can summarize some brief points: First, when there is suspicion that a child has been subjected to violence or witnessed it, the person who will examine the child and must ensure that child to be surrounded by people who will provide security and protection. The physician should keep in mind that all children do not exhibit the same feelings in terms of what they have undergone, and any other traumatic experience. The extent to which children are able to verbaliziraat thoughts and emotion depends on the age of the child and its development level. And the developing characteristics of society, family dynamics and cultural norms. Mnnogu is important if it is found that child sexual abuse to be examined by a specialist review, which will probably be traumalen child needs to be done by a physician experienced in interpretirtaÃ'Å¡e conclusions is also important, the physician should know that the review can be a reminder of nasranot of the child, it is possible and expected child during the review to react spontaneously. Adolescence is a turbulent period D, the effects of violence can cause profound changes SAI personality of adolescents, which will lead to antisotsiÃ'Ëœalno behavior experts in this field argue that child during his life may have symptoms of redozhivuvaÃ'Å¡e Event / e the past. Which may manifest as visual memories of the event – nightmares, social withdrawal, limiting afektot, changes in fear, uncertainty, self-esteem and confidence as the environment, sleep disorders, plashaÃ'Å¡e to go to bed, fear of strangers .. . Conclusion How that can be seen above that, research on child abuse are quite large and attention is made to analyze all types of child abuse and how to detect domestic violence, reasons induce the same as protecting children from those conditions that are forced to live. What unfortunately is not done, is full implementation of conventions and other instruments adopted by NGOs and other international bodies involved in combating this new type kriminalitet whose target groups are precisely those children who have yet to begin develop its entirety in the community. Although there are still some differences in the implementation of child protection in the States, however, I must say that they take steps to eradicate conflicts that are born in the family. Again I say that it is a sensitive issue in terms of that family is a community in which its members are entitled to enjoy family life and discretion; exception to this law is state intervention in times when those same users abusing that right. Despite differences in definitions of domestic violence as it includes child abuse in the same naÃ'Ëœraznovidnata and methodology experts are used in collecting statistical data on children, but today the world is still a large number of children who are subjected to sexual violence within the family, but their case has not yet been discovered; sekoÃ'Ëœdnevo media chiteme found for shocking events where children were zloupotrebuvani their parents, but for various reasons are unable to say.

Military Leadership

The American Revolution comprised mainly of land based forces in the form of army battalions. Because of the early creations of ammunition, the armies are the only available units in the war. Since this conflict primarily involved the intention of independence, it was a very brute event for the commanders of both sides. Christian men are the most proliferated individuals in this war. Interestingly, the American Revolution had a great influence on liberal thought throughout Europe (American Revolution, 2006). On the other hand, the American civil war was a major war between the forces of the same constituents of a nation. However, because of the relative differences in ideology, the war became inevitable and eventually came into reality. The military people in the American civil war may be perceived to have a balanced approach towards victory. Because of the relative smaller scope, the commanding forces of the army may have been somehow reluctant to fight their own citizen domains. They were very prone to social trauma considering that they live in the same national domain with just a little misunderstanding of idealism approaches. It would have been very hard for the army to fight for both sides since they belong to a single line of citizenship. The most explicit factor in the procedure of this war was the collaboration of slaves and the fighting units until the end of the event. Emancipated slaves fought in several key battles in the last two years of the war (wikipedia, 2007). The military personnel still has the concentration of American males with religious affiliations of Christian origin. This made the war very traumatic for both parties. On the event of the Indian wars, the army still had the opportunity to disclose its might. Although naval and air forces are not very significant during this period war, the relative intensity on the part of the army still focused on the aproach to dislodge what native americans were fighting for. The concentration of Native American and English lineages was the main component of the war. Men were still the most active participants in the war while some females of both social parties were engaged in post war operations. The relative differences in racial characteristics of both sides was the aggravating factor that lead to various levels of fight setbacks. The armies of both sides were willing to win against each other. As with the whole population of the American army, most Americans viewed the Indians as incorrigible and non-reformable savages. Those closest to the warring factions or who were threaten by it, naturally wanted government protection at any cost (Davis, 1999). For World War I, the overall capacity of the army, the navy and the availability of the air force, has dramatically changed the way war is staged. For the army, it was during this time that the physical participation of units is reduced because of advanced weapons and guns. For the navy, a greater scope of challenges was encountered due the international scope of the war. The naval forces played a great role in weakening the offenses of the enemy before letting the army proceed with the fight. On the other hand, the air force became a significant penetration unit to dislocate the stable forces of the enemy nation by targeting its internal strengths. Men are still the main forces in these three force units. However, women participation was very visible in the form of service units. Health care and rehabilitation are the main tasks for women involved in World War I. The religious affiliations were significant factors in this war because of the global scope of the conflict. References: American Revolution. 2006. Complete History-Aftermath. American Revolution. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.americanrevolution.com/. Davis, S. 1999. Buffalo Soldiers and Indian Wars. Buffalosoldiers. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://www.buffalosoldier.net/. Wikipedia. 2007. American Civi War. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War#Military_factors. Â  

According To The Cdc, From 2011-2015 For Adolescent Hispanic

According to the CDC, from 2011-2015 for adolescent Hispanic females ages 15-18, suicide was the second leading cause of death. The theorist Durkheim choose to study Suicide for a number of reasons, one of which was to demonstrate the new science, sociology (Ritzer 2011 Pg198). In regards to adolescent Latina suicides, I argue that in fitting with Durkheim’s ideas on suicide, they would most likely be classified as Egoistic suicides and preventative steps could be taken in bringing about a higher sense of integration. Durkheim’s theories and work on suicide classified the phenomenon into four types; Egoistic, Altruistic, Anomic and Fatalistic (Ritzer Pg 200-202). Durkheim’s concept of social integration ties into egoistic suicide as it†¦show more content†¦For example, many Latinas such as myself come from conservative households which holds the idea of avoiding pre-marital sex, however television and friends may state otherwise. Alvarez (2014) concurs t his sentiment with her statement, â€Å"the adolescent struggles for autonomy, as represented by American values†¦while the parent struggles for family connectedness, as represented by traditional Latino values.† In other words, the adolescents wish to live for themselves, with the new ideas, while the values they grew up with, ask them to put that aside for their familys’. Zayas et al. (2005) states â€Å"†¦familism reflects the centrality of the family in the institutional structure of Latin American societies and the governing role of the family in the individual’s life and behavior†¦emphasizes maintenance of family cohesion, obligation and intense attachment to relative, and primacy of the family in the individual’s self-identity and social world.† The adolescent Latina is taught that family is first and is the most important, playing a large role in their life. 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